Privilege
Etymology
From Latin “privilegium,” a law affecting one individual, from “privus,” “private, individual,” + “lex, legis,” “law.” Literally a “private law” — a rule made for or against a single person. Its origin as a personal exception, not a universal entitlement, is precisely what still distinguishes it from a right.
noun · /PRIV-uh-lij/
A special advantage or permission granted to a particular person or group rather than owed to everyone.
What it names
Use it to mark that a benefit is conditional and unevenly distributed — extended to some, withheld from others, revocable at will.
Example
Parking in that spot is a privilege for senior staff, not something the rest of us can demand.
Related idea
A privilege is a discretionary grant; a right is a claim owed to you regardless of anyone’s favor. Recasting a right as a privilege — “driving is a privilege” — is a move that quietly licenses taking it away.
noun · /PRIV-uh-lij/
A legal right to withhold certain information from disclosure.
What it names
a protected exemption from disclosure
Example
Their emails were shielded by attorney–client privilege.
Related idea
A specific legal shield, distinct from unearned social advantage; compare rights, consent.